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Peter H. Duesberg, 89, Renowned Biologist Turned H.I.V. Denialist, Dies

His pioneering work on the origins of cancer was later overshadowed by his contrarian views, notably his rejection of the established theory that H.I.V. causes AIDS.

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Gladys West, Unsung Figure in Development of GPS, Dies at 95

As a Navy mathematician in the 1950s and beyond, she played an unheralded but foundational role in making possible the global satellite-based mapping system.

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U.S Has Officially Withdrawn From the Paris Climate Accord

The United States is the only country to pull out of the global agreement among nations to fight climate change. European diplomats say the U.S. reputation is suffering.

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430,000-Year-Old Wooden Tools Are the Oldest Ever Found

The finding, along with the discovery of a 500,000-year-old hammer made of bone, indicates that our human ancestors were making tools even earlier than archaeologists thought.

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Thomas Fogarty, 91, Who Helped Revolutionize Vascular Surgery, Dies

Drawing on his love of fly-fishing, he developed a balloon catheter that removes blood clots from patients’ limbs in a minimally invasive way. It has saved millions of lives.

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William H. Foege, Key Figure in the Eradication of Smallpox, Dies at 89

His containment strategy helped wipe out the disease in the 1970s, one of the world’s greatest public health triumphs. He also led the C.D.C. and promoted childhood vaccination worldwide.

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Edith Flanigen, Award-Winning Research Chemist, Dies at 96

She and her staff at Union Carbide created synthetic materials that improved various industrial processes, including purifying water. She also developed a way to make emeralds.

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Is Climate Change Weakening the Polar Vortex?

Rising Arctic temperatures and melting sea ice could be causing cold air to flow into the Northern Hemisphere. But not all scientists agree.

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Sonic Booms and Seismic Waves Can Reveal Where Space Junk Crash-Lands

The sensors used to listen for earthquakes could help protect people from the hazards created by falling spacecraft.

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Louis E. Brus, Nobel Laureate Who Illuminated the Nanoworld, Dies at 82

He accidentally created some of the first quantum dots, tiny semiconductors that now power many electronics.

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